Proven and Effective Range-of-Motion Therapy

JAS is the innovator and market leader for adjunctive range of motion therapy. As THE Single Source Provider for fast and effective joint motion recovery, JAS provides a complete array of treatment options – Static Progressive Stretch, Dynamic Splinting, and Custom Turnbuckle Orthoses – to meet the unique needs of each individual patient. Combining state of the art product design with patient controlled, pain free and time efficient treatment protocols, JAS consistently delivers on compliance and outcomes.

Use this section to explore the world of Adjunctive ROM therapy, discover the Benefits of JAS ROM Therapy, learn the Guidelines for Effective ROM Results and access our extensive Research and Resources section.

Restore ROM Faster and Better with JAS

The JAS portfolio of adjunctive ROM devices provides patients the necessary dosage of precise, controlled stretch to achieve critical ROM goals – safely, painlessly and cost effectively. Adding JAS to a home rehab program will help patients achieve ROM benchmarks on target, and can prevent the need for corrective surgery or manipulation. Successful JAS outcomes are proven in over 30 published clinical studies.

Whether you choose Static Progressive Stretch (SPS), Dynamic Splinting (DS) or Turnbuckle Therapy for ROM rehab, JAS has you covered – and with solutions that yield faster and better outcomes for your patients.

JAS Offers Total Solutions For ROM Recovery

What Sets JAS Apart?

JAS moves beyond convention to optimize the benefits of SPS, DS and Turnbuckle orthosis therapy for patients needing ROM recovery solutions. To assure the best possible outcomes with each device we deliver, JAS offers patients, therapists, physicians and health care plans the following unique benefits:

Patient-controlled Therapy

JAS devices allow patients to control the degree of stretch at all times with an infinitely adjustable turning knob. Pain, risk of tissue injury, and muscle guarding are virtually eliminated as a result.

Shorter Treatment Time

Numerous published studies support a JAS SPS device wearing protocol of three 30-minute sessions per day for steady and permanent gains in ROM. Time is precious for everyone, and JAS SPS allows patients use of their limb for important activities of daily living.

Custom-fit to Each Patient

JAS cuffs are individually sized per each patient’s measurements so every device fits accurately.  This assures patient comfort, prevention of skin injury, and most importantly precise end-range stretch – and with no added cost, or delay in order turn-around time.

Bidirectional Product Options For Cost And Efficiency

JAS SPS, JAS EZ, JAS GL and even some JAS Dynamic devices are bidirectional, allowing ROM therapy in two directions of joint motion with one device. Most competitive splint brands work in one direction only – requiring two devices for patients with bidirectional ROM loss – doubling device costs and prolonging rehab. Rehabilitative Care costs are rising: read about how JAS can help here.

Purposeful Engineering

Only JAS offers signature Motion Tower™ and Motion Arc™ technology to safely Unload the Joint™, assuring home stretch therapy is safe to the articular joint, and stretch forces are maximized to the soft tissues.

Unequaled Patient Compliance

For any home ROM therapy program to be effective, patients must be compliant! The patented product design features  – available only from JAS – offer comfort, ease of use, patient-controlled therapy, and short treatment time – fostering unmatched patient compliance and delivering superior clinical outcomes.

A 10-year prospective analysis (Sodhi et al, 2018) of 6000 patients treated with a JAS ROM therapy device showed significant and consistent improvement in reported patient satisfaction over time – as measured by improved pain, stiffness, swelling and mobility. Study data suggests that JAS’ commitment to continuous improvement in product design and service is directly related to continuous improvement in patient outcomes. 

Timing Matters

Earlier Initiation Achieves Greater ROM Gains.

Based on clinical and published evidence,  when a delay in ROM recovery is identified, the earlier an adjunctive ROM therapy program is initiated, the greater and faster the gains in ROM will be achieved.  Connective tissue remodeling post injury is progressive and time sensitive.  Waiting to increase dosage of stretch via adjunctive ROM therapy will hinder results – it will take longer to make gains in ROM and maximal gains achieved will likely be less.

When is it Safe to Begin JAS ROM Therapy?

As soon as a patient is cleared for passive stretching post injury or surgery, it is safe to add a home program of SPS or DS therapy.

When is the Ideal Time to Begin JAS ROM Therapy?

Research shows that ideal time to apply low load prolonged stretch is during the adaptive phase of wound healing, or within 90 days post trauma. Collagen fibers are most responsive to remodeling forces such as SPS and DS in this time period.

With that caveat in mind, JAS ROM therapy should be started as soon as a delay in achieving ROM gains is recognized.

Successful Protocols

Here are examples of successful protocols for initiating JAS ROM therapy, followed in major U.S. orthopedic centers:

• TKA – 6 weeks post op: If patient measures at 90° (or less) of knee flexion, or is lacking 10° (or more) of knee extension, it is ideal to initiate JAS SPS or JAS Dynamic Splinting.

• Elbow ORIF or Trauma –  After 2-3 weeks of conventional PT/OT: If patient measures at 100° (or less) of elbow flexion, or is lacking 30° (or more) of elbow extension, it is ideal to initiate JAS SPS or JAS Dynamic Splinting.

• After Corrective Surgery for Arthrofibrosis  – Initiate JAS SPS or Dynamic Splinting immediately post Manipulation Under Anesthesia, or Lysis of Adhesions to maximize surgical outcomes and prevent recurrence.  

Review our JAS ROM Therapy Treatment Algorithm quick reference guide:

SPS Studies | DS Studies | Clinical & Scientific Articles | Textbooks | Scientific Presentations

SPS Studies

Sodhi N, Yao B, Anis HK, Khlopas A, Sultan A, Newman J, Mont MA.
Patient satisfaction and outcomes of static progressive stretch bracing: A 10-year prospective analysis. Ann Transl Med Aug 8, 2018. Doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.08.31
SUMMARY

Sodhi N, Yao B, Anis HK, Khlopas A, Davidson IU, Sultan AA, Samuel LT, Lamaj S, Newman JM, Pivec R, Fisher KA, Gaal B, Mont MA.
Case for the brace: A critical, comprehensive, and up-to-date review of static progressive stretch, dynamic, and turnbuckle braces for the management of elbow, knee, and shoulder pathology. Surg Technol Int. 2017;31:303-318.

Hussein AZ, Ibrahim MI, Hellman MA, Donatelli R.
Static progressive stretch is effective in treating shoulder adhesive capsulitis: prospective randomized, controlled study with a two-year follow-up. Eur J Physiother. 2015;17(3):138-147.doi:10.3109/21679169.2015.1057863.
SUMMARY

Ibrahim MI, Donatelli R, Hellman M, Echternach J J.
Efficacy of a static progressive stretch device as an adjunct to physical therapy in treating adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a prospective, randomized study. Physiotherapy. 2014:100(3):228-234.doi:10.1016/j.physio.2013.08.006.
SUMMARY

Donatelli R, Ruivo RM, Thurner M, Ibrahim, MI.
New concepts in restoring shoulder elevation in a stiff and painful shoulder patient. Phys Ther Sport. 2014;15:3-14.doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2013.11.001.

Ibrahim MI, Johnson AJ, Pivec R, Issa K, Naziri Q, Kapadia BH, Mont MA.
Treatment of adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder with a static progressive stretch device: a prospective, randomized study. J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2012;22(4):281-91.doi:1615/JLongTermEffMedImplants.2013007061.
SUMMARY

Johnson AR, McKenzie SA, Ulrich SD, Seyler TM, Issa K, Pivec R, Mont MA.
Assessment of static progressive stretch for the treatment of shoulder stiffness: a prospective case series. Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2012;22(4): 293-303.PMID:23662660
SUMMARY

Donatelli R, Wilkes JS, Hall W, Cole S.
Frozen shoulder encapsulates therapy challenges. BioMechanics. 2006.
SUMMARY

Sodhi N, Khlopas A, Vaughn MD, George J, Yakubek G, Sultan AA, Harwin SF, Mont MA.
Manufactured brace modalities for elbow stiffness. Orthopedics. 2018 1;41(1):e127 – e135
LINK TO ARTICLE • SUMMARY

Sodhi N, Yao B, Anis HK, Khlopas A, Sultan A, Newman J, Mont MA.
Patient satisfaction and outcomes of static progressive stretch bracing: A 10-year prospective analysis. Ann Transl Med Aug 8, 2018. Doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.08.31
SUMMARY

Sodhi N, Yao B, Anis HK, Khlopas A, Davidson IU, Sultan AA, Samuel LT, Lamaj S, Newman JM, Pivec R, Fisher KA, Gaal B, Mont MA.
Case for the brace: A critical, comprehensive, and up-to-date review of static progressive stretch, dynamic, and turnbuckle braces for the management of elbow, knee, and shoulder pathology. Surg Technol Int. 2017;31:303-318.

Veltman ES, Doornberg JN, Evgendaal D, van den Bekerom MP.
Static progressive versus dynamic splinting for posttraumatic elbow stiffness: a systematic review of 232 patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2015;135(5):613-7.doi:10.1007/s00402-015-2199-5.

Muller AM, Sadoghi P, Lucase R, Audige L, Delaney R, Klein M, Valderrabano V, Vavken P.
Effectiveness of bracing in the treatment of nonosseous restriction of elbow mobility: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 13 studies. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013;22:146-1152.doi:10.1016/j.jse.2013.04.003.

Lindenhovius ALC, Doornberg JN, Brouwer KM, Jupiter JB, Mudgal CS, Ring D.
A prospective randomized controlled trial of dynamic versus static progressive elbow splinting for posttraumatic elbow stiffness. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(8):694-700. doi:10.2106/JBJS.J.01761.
SUMMARY

Schwartz DA.
Static progressive orthoses for the upper extremity: a comprehensive literature review. Hand N Y N. 2012;7(1):10-17.doi:10.1007/s11552-011-9380-2.

Bhat AK, Bhaskaranand K, Nair SG.
Static progressive stretching using a turnbuckle orthosis for elbow stiffness: a prospective study. J Orthop Surg Hong Kong. 2010;18(1):76-79.

Suksathien R, Suksathien Y.
A new static progressive splint for treatment of knee and elbow flexion contractures. J Med Assoc Thail Chotmaihet Thangphaet. 2010;93(7):799-804.

Ulrich SD, Bonutti PM, Seyler TM, Marker DR, Morrey BF, Mont MA.
Restoring range of motion via stress relaxation and static progressive stretch in posttraumatic elbow contractures. J Shoulder Elb Surg Am Shoulder Elb Surg Al. 2010;19(2):196-201. doi:10.1016/j.jse.2009.08.007.
SUMMARY

Doornberg JN, Ring D, Jupiter JB.
Static progressive splinting for posttraumatic elbow stiffness. J Orthop Trauma. 2006;20(6):400-404.
SUMMARY

Gelinas JJ, Faber KJ, Patterson SD, King GJ.
The effectiveness of turnbuckle splinting for elbow contractures. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2000;82(1):74-8.

Bonutti PM, Windau JE, Ables BA, Miller BG.
Static progressive stretch to reestablish elbow range of motion. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1994;(303):128-34.
SUMMARY

Green DP, McCoy H.
Turnbuckle orthotic correction of elbow-flexion contractures after acute injuries. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1979;61(7):1092-1095.

Everding NG, Maschke SD, Hoyen HA, Evans PJ.
Prevention and treatment of elbow stiffness: a 5-year update. J Hand Surg. 2013;38(12):2496-2507; quiz 2507. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.06.007.

Charalambous CP, Morrey BF.
Post-traumatic elbow stiffness. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(15):1428-1437. doi:10.2106/JBJS.K.00711.

Issack PS, Egol KA.
Post-traumatic contracture of the elbow, current management issues. Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases. 2006;63(3 & 4):129-36.

Evans PJ, Nandi S, Maschke S, Hoyen HA, Lawton JN.
Prevention and treatment of elbow stiffness. J Hand Surg. 2009;34(4):769-778. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.02.020.

Kim PD, Grafe MW, Rosenwasser MP.
Elbow Stiffness: Etiology, Treatment, and Result. J Am Soc Surgeries Hand. 2005.

Ring D, Jupiter JB.
Current concepts review: fracture-dislocation of the elbow: J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1998;80(4):566-580.

Morrey BF.
Post traumatic contracture of the elbow: operative treatment, including distraction arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am.1990;72(4):601-618.

Philips B, Strasburg S.
Arthroscopic treatment of arthrofibrosis of the elbow joint. Arthroscopy. 1998;14(1):38-44.

Sodhi N, Yao B, Anis HK, Khlopas A, Sultan A, Newman J, Mont MA.
Patient satisfaction and outcomes of static progressive stretch bracing: A 10-year prospective analysis. Ann Transl Med Aug 8, 2018. Doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.08.31
SUMMARY

McGrath MS, Ulrich SD, Bonutti PM, Marker DR, Johanssen HR, Mont MA.

Static progressive splinting for restoration of rotational motion of the forearm. J Hand Ther. 2009;22(1):3-8.doi: 10.1197/j.jht.2008.06.005.
SUMMARY

Lucado AM, Li Z.
Static progressive splinting to improve wrist stiffness after distal radius fracture: a prospective, case series study. Physiother Theory Pract. 2009;25(4):297-309. doi:10.1080/09593980902782389.
SUMMARY

Lucado AM, Li Z, Russell GB, Papadonikolakis A, Ruch DS.
Changes in impairment and function after static progressive splinting for stiffness after distal radius fracture. J Hand Ther Off J Am Soc Hand Ther. 2008;21(4):319-325. doi:10.1197/j.jht.2008.01.002.
SUMMARY

McGrath MS, Ulrich SD, Bonutti PM, Smith JM, Seyler TM, Mont MA.
Evaluation of static progressive stretch for the treatment of wrist stiffness. J Hand Surg. 2008;33(9):1498-1504. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2008.05.018.
SUMMARY

Parent-Weiss NM, King JC.
Static progressive forearm rotation contracture management orthosis design: a study of 28 patients: J of Prosthet Orthot. 2006;18(3):63-67.

Grenier M-L, Chinchalkar SJ, Pipicelli JG.
Static progressive orthosis for patients with limited radial and/or ulnar deviation: an innovative orthotic design. J Hand Ther Off J Am Soc Hand Ther. 2012;25(4):425-428; quiz 429. doi:10.1016/j.jht.2012.03.005.

Smith DW, Brou KE, Henry MH.
Early active rehabilitation for operatively stabilized distal radius fractures. J Hand Ther. 2004;17(1):43-49.PMID: 14770137

Bell SN, Benger D.
Management of radioulnar synostosis with mobilization, anconeus interposition, and a forearm rotation assist splint. J Shoulder and Elb Surg Am. 1999;8(6):621-624.PMID: 10633900

Bhave A, Sodhi N, Anis HK, Ehiorobo JA, Mont MA.
Static progressive stretch orthosis – consensus modality to treat knee stiffness – rationale and literature review. Ann Transl Med. 2019 Oct; 7(Suppl 7): S256. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.06.55
FULL STUDY

Sodhi N, Yao B, Anis HK, Khlopas A, Sultan A, Newman J, Mont MA.
Patient satisfaction and outcomes of static progressive stretch bracing: A 10-year prospective analysis. Ann Transl Med Aug 8, 2018. Doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.08.31
SUMMARY

Sodhi N, Yao B, Anis HK, Khlopas A, Davidson IU, Sultan AA, Samuel LT, Lamaj S, Newman JM, Pivec R, Fisher KA, Gaal B, Mont MA.
Case for the brace: A critical, comprehensive, and up-to-date review of static progressive stretch, dynamic, and turnbuckle braces for the management of elbow, knee, and shoulder pathology. Surg Technol Int. 2017;31:303-318.

Kalson NS, Borthwick LA, Mann DA, Deehan DJ, Lewis P, Mann C, Mont MA, Morgan-Jones R, Oussedik S, Williams FM, Toms A, Argenson JN, Bellemans J. Bhave A. Furnes O, Gollwitzer, H, Haddad FS, Hofmann S, Krenn V.
International consensus on the definition and classification of fibrosis of the knee joint. Bone Joint J. 2016;98-B(11):1479-1488.

McGinn T, Chughtai M, Bhave A, Ali O, Mudaliar P, Khlopas A, Harwin SF, Mont MA.
Innovative multi-modal physical therapy reduces incidence of manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) in Non-obese primary total knee arthroplasty. Surg Technol Int. 2016;10(XXVIII):328-333. PMID: 27608746

Chughtai M, McGinn T, Bhave A, Khan S, Vashist M, Khlopas A, Mont MA.
Innovative multimodal physical therapy reduces incidence of repeat manipulation under anesthesia in post-total knee arthroplasty patients who had an initial manipulation under anesthesia. J Knee Surg. 2016;29(8):639-644. DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592339

Pierce TP, Cherian JJ, Mont MA.
Static and Dynamic Bracing for Loss of Motion Following Total Knee Arthroplasty.  J Long Term Eff Med Implants. 2015;25(4): 337–343. DOI: 10.1615/JLongTermEffMedimplants.2015013409

McElroy MJ, Johnson AJ, Zywiel MG, Mont MA.
Devices for the prevention and treatment of knee stiffness after total knee arthroplasty. Expert Rev Med Devices. 2011;8(1):57-65. doi:10.1586/erd.10.71.

Bonutti PM, Marulanda GA, McGrath MS, Mont MA, Zywiel MG.
Static progressive stretch improves range of motion in arthrofibrosis following total knee arthroplasty. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc Off J ESSKA. 2010;18(2):194-199. doi:10.1007/s00167-009-0947-1.
SUMMARY

Suksathien R, Suksathien Y.
A new static progressive splint for treatment of knee and elbow flexion contractures. J Med Assoc Thail Chotmaihet Thangphaet. 2010;93(7):799-804.PMID: 20649059

Bonutti PM, McGrath MS, Ulrich SD, McKenzie SA, Seyler TM, Mont MA.
Static progressive stretch for the treatment of knee stiffness. The Knee. 2008;15(4):272-276. doi:10.1016/j.knee.2008.04.002.
SUMMARY

Seyler TM, Marker DR, Bhave A, et al.
Functional Problems and Arthrofibrosis Following Total Knee Arthroplasty. J Bone Jt Surg Am. 2007;89(Supplement 3):59-69.PMID: 17908871

Millett PJ, Johnson B, Carlson J, Krishnan S, Steadman JR.
Rehabilitation of the arthrofibrotic knee. Am J Orthop Belle Mead NJ. 2003;32(11):531-538.

Jansen CM, Windau JE, Bonutti PM, Brillhart MV.
Treatment of a knee contracture using a knee orthosis incorporating stress-relaxation techniques. Phys Ther. 1996;76(2):182-186.
SUMMARY

Sodhi N, Yao B, Anis HK, Khlopas A, Sultan A, Newman J, Mont MA.
Patient satisfaction and outcomes of static progressive stretch bracing: A 10-year prospective analysis. Ann Transl Med Aug 8, 2018. Doi: 10.21037/atm.2018.08.31
SUMMARY

Costa CR, McElroy MJ, Johnson AJ, Lamm BM, Mont MA.
Use of a static progressive stretch orthosis to treat post-traumatic ankle stiffness. BMC Res Notes. 2012;5:348. doi:10.1186/1756-0500-5-348.
SUMMARY

Sharma NK, Loudon JK.
Static progressive stretch brace as a treatment of pain and functional limitations associated with plantar fasciitis, a pilot study. Foot & Ankle Spec. 2010;3(3):117-124.doi: 10.1177/1938640010365183.

Grissom SP, Blanton S.
Treatment of upper motorneuron plantarflexion contractures by using an adjustable ankle-foot orthosis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2001;82:270-3.PMID: 11239325

Gamage T, Haynes L.
The use of static progressive stretch on the burn joint contracture: Podium Presentation, American Burn Association Meeting. March 1999.
SUMMARY

DS Studies

Gaspar PD, Willis FB.
Adhesive capsulitis and dynamic splinting: a controlled, cohort study.  BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2009;10:111 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-10-111
LINK TO ARTICLE

Willis FB, Neffendorf C, Gaspar PD.
Device and physical therapy unfreeze shoulder motion. BioMechanics. 2007;14(1):45-49

Lindenhovius AL, Doornberg JN, Brouwer KM, Jupiter JB, Mudgal CS, Ring D.
A prospective randomized controlled trial of dynamic versus static progressive elbow splinting for posttraumatic elbow stiffness. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94(8):694-700.

Gallucci GL, Boretto JG, Davalus MA, Donndorff A, Alfie VA, De Carli P.
Dynamic splint for the treatment of stiff elbow. British Elbow and Shoulder Society, Shoulder & Elbow. 2011;3:52-55

Neusmer B, Ekes A, Holm M.
The use of low-load prolonged stretch devices in rehabilitation programs in the pacific northwest. Am J Occup Ther. 1997; 51(7)538-43.

MacKay-Lyons M.
Low-load, prolonged stretch in the treatment of elbow flexion contractures secondary to head trauma: a case report. Phys Ther. 1989;69:292-296
LINK TO ARTICLE

Hepburn GR.
Case studies contracture and stiff joint management with Dynasplint. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1987; 8:498-504.

Hepburn G. Crivelli K.
Use of elbow dynasplint for reduction of elbow flexion contractures: A case study. JOSPT. 1984; 5(5) 269-74.

Berner SH, Willis FB.
Dynamic splinting in wrist extension following distal radius fractures. J Orthop Surg Res. 2010;5:53
LINK TO ARTICLE

Shah MA, Lopez J, Escalante AS, Green DP.
Dynamic splinting of forearm rotational contracture after distal radius fracture. Journal of Hand Surgery. 2002;27(3):456-463
LINK TO ARTICLE

Furia JP, Willis FB, Shanmugam R, Curran SA.
Systematic review of contracture reduction in the lower extremity with dynamic splinting. Adv Ther. 2013;30:763-770.  DOI  10.1007/s12325-013-0052-1

Finger E, Willis FB.
Dynamic Splinting for Knee Flexion Contracture Following Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report. Cases Journal. 2008;1:421
LINK TO ARTICLE

Neusmer B, Ekes A, Holm M.
The use of low-load prolonged stretch devices in rehabilitation programs in the pacific northwest. Am J Occup Ther. 1997; 51(7)538-43.

Steffen TM, Mollinger LA.
Low-load, prolonged stretch in the treatment of knee flexion contractures in nursing home residents.  Phys Ther. 1995;75:886-895
LINK TO ARTICLE

Hepburn GR.
Case studies contracture and stiff joint management with Dynasplint. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1987; 8:498-504.

Furia JP, Willis FB, Shanmugam R, Curran SA.
Systematic review of contracture reduction in the lower extremity with dynamic splinting. Adv Ther. 2013;30:763-770.  DOI  10.1007/s12325-013-0052-1

Curran SA, Willis FB.
Chronic ankle contracture reduced: a case series.  FAOJ. 2011;4(7):2.  DOI: 10.3827/faoj.2011.0407.0002
LINK TO ARTICLE

Willis FB, Finger E.
Reduction of Ankle Equinus Contracture Secondary to Diabetes Mellitus with Dynamic Splinting. The Foot and Ankle Online Journal. 2010;3(3): 2  DOI: 10.3827/faoj.2010.0303.0002

Richard RL Jones LM, Miller SF, Finley RK.
Treatment of exposed bilateral achilles tendons with use of the Dynasplint™.  Phys Ther 1988;68(6):989-991.  DOI: 10.1093/ptj/68.6.989
LINK TO ARTICLE

Clinical & Scientific Articles

Fusaro I, Orsini S, Sforza T, Rotini R, Benedetti MG.
The use of braces in the rehabilitation treatment of the post-traumatic elbow. Joints. 2014;2(2):81-86.

Paul R, Chan R.
Nonsurgical treatment of elbow stiffness. J Hand Surg. 2013;38(10):2002-2004. doi:10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.06.009.

Everding NG, Maschke SD, Evands PJ.
Elbow stiffness: a systematic approach to prevention and treatment. Orthopedic Insights Ceveland Clinic Department of Orthopedics. Summer, 2013.

Glasgow C, Fleming J, Tooth LR, Hockey RL.
The Long-term relationship between duration of treatment and contracture resolution using dynamic orthotic devices for the stiff proximal interphalangeal joint: a prospective cohort study. J Hand Ther. 2012;25(1):38-46. DOI:10.1016/j.jht.2011.09.006.
LINK TO ARTICLE

Glasgow C, Tooth LR, Fleming J, Peters S.
Dynamic splinting for the stiff hand after trauma: predictors of contracture resolution. J Hand Ther. 2011;24(3):195-205. DOI:10.1016/j.jht.2011.03.001.
LINK TO ARTICLE

Chinchalkar SJ, Pearce J, Athwal GS.
Static progressive versus three-point elbow extension splinting: a mathematical analysis. J Hand Ther Off J Am Soc Hand Ther. 2009;22(1):37-42; quiz 43. doi:10.1197/j.jht.2008.06.008.

Post-traumatic Contracture of the Elbow, Current Management Issues
Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases; Vol 63: Numbers 3 & 4.

Fractures of the Elbow
American Society for Surgery of the Hand, www.handcare.org, ASSH Public Education Committee.

Glasgow C, Wilton J, Tooth L.
Optimal daily total end range time for contracture: resolution in hand splinting. J Hand Ther. 2003;16(3):207-218.
LINK TO ARTICLE

Schultz-Johnson K.
Static progressive splinting. J Hand Ther Off J Am Soc Hand Ther. 2002;15(2):163-178.

Fess EE, McCollum M.
The influence of splinting on healing tissues. J Hand Ther. 1998; 11(2)157-61.

Bell-Krotoski JA, Figarola JH
Biomechanics of soft-tissue growth and remodeling with plaster casting.J Hand Ther. 1995;8(2):131-7.PMID: 7550623

Brand PW.
Mechanical factors in joint stiffness and tissue growth.J Hand Ther. 1995 Apr-Jun;8(2):91-6.PMID: 7550634

Flowers KR, LaStayo P.
Effect of total end-range time on improving passive range of motion. J Hand Ther. 1994:7(3).

LaStayo P., Jaffe R.
Assessment and management of shoulder stiffness: a biomechanical approach. J Hand Ther. 1994;7(2):122-130. doi:10.1016/S0894-1130(12)80081-0.

McClure PW, Blackburn LG, Dusold C.
The Use of splints in the treatment of joint stiffness: biologic rationale and an algorithm for making clinical Decisions. Phys Ther. 1994; 74:1101-1107.

Frost HM.
Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU): 4. Mechanical influences on intact fibrous tissues. Anat Rec. 1990;226(4):433-439. doi:10.1002/ar.1092260405.

Akeson W, Amiel D, Abel M, et al.
Effects of immobilization on joints. Clin Orthop. 1987; 219:28-37.

Textbooks

Coppard BM, Lohman H.
Introduction to Orthotics: A Clinical Reasoning & Problem-Solving Approach. 4e, Introduction to Splinting. 4th ed. Mosby; 2015.

Radomski MV, Trombly Latham CA.
Occupational Therapy for Physical Dysfunction. Seventh ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2014.

Allen Colby L, Kisner C.
Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques. Chapter 4: Stretching for Impaired Mobility. 6th Edition. FA Davis Company; 2012.

Skirven TM, Osterman AL, Fedorczyk JM, Amadio PC.
Rehabilitation of the Hand and Upper Extremity. 6th ed. Elsevier Mosby; 2011.

Wolf SW, Hotchkiss RN, Pederson WC, Kozin SH.
Chapter 26: Treatment of The Stiff Elbow. In: Green’s Operative Hand Surgery. 6th ed. Elselvier; 2011.

Sahrmann S, Caldwell C, Khoo-Summers L.
Chapter 6: Movement System Syndromes of the Elbow. In: Movement System Impairment Syndromes of the Extremities, Cervical and Thoracic Spines; Considerations for Acute and Long Term Management. 1st ed. Elselvier; 2011.

Recor CJ, Johnson CW.
Chapter 35: Hand Therapy. In: Principles of Hand Surgery and Therapy. 2nd ed. Saunders; 2010.

Fess EE, Gettle KS, Phillips CA.
Splints Acting on the Wrist and Forearm; Splints Acting on the Elbow and Shoulder; Exercise and Splinting for Specific Upper Extremity Problems. In: Hand and Upper Extremity Splinting; Principles and Methods. 3rd ed. Mosby; 2005.

Byers M, Bonutti P.
Chapter 11: Frozen Shoulder. In: Physical Therapy of the Shoulder. 4th ed. Elselvier; 2004.

Donatelli R.
Chapter 14: Manual Therapy Techniques. In: Physical Therapy of the Shoulder. 4th ed. Elselvier; 2004.

McKee P, Morgan L.
Orthotics in Rehabilitation: Splinting the Hand and Body. Philadelphia, PA: F.A. Davis; 1998.

Wilton JC, Dival TA.
Hand Splinting: Principles of Design and Fabrication. London: W.B. Saunders; 1997.

Colditz JC.
Chapter 111: Principles of Splinting and Splint Prescription. In: Surgery of the Hand and Upper Extremity. 1st ed. McGrawHill Professional Publishing; 1996:2389-2410.

Scientific Presentations

The Impact Of Static Progressive Stretch On The Range Of Motion In Haemophilic Patients After Total Knee Replacement
Scientific Poster Presentation: International Central European ISPO Conference 2018, Portoroz, Slovenia; Borut Pompe, Simona Flipidis, Petra Dovc, Peter M. Bonutti.
SCIENTIFIC POSTER

Static Progressive Splinting In Treatment Of Hemiplegic Shoulder After Stroke – A Prospective, Randomized, Blind, Controlled Trial
Scientific Poster Presentation: 10th World Congress for NeuroRehabilitation, Mubai, India; Michal Riha, Petra Dvorakova, Ondrej Bradac, Tereza Sadlova
SCIENTIFIC POSTER

Evaluation of a 30 – Minute Protocol to Restore Range of Motion Via Stress Relaxation and Static Progressive Stretch In Post Traumatic Elbow Contractures
Scientific Paper Presentation: American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons Meeting, March 2008; Slif D. Ulrich, MD, Michael A. Mont, MD, Thorsten M., Seyler, MD, David R. Marker, BS, Bernard F. Morrey, MD, Peter M. Bonutti, MD.

A Prospective Randomized Trial of Static Progressive vs. Dynamic Splinting in the Nonoperative and Postoperative Treatment of Posttraumatic Elbow Stiffness
Scientific Presentation 55 at Annual Meeting of the American Society for Surgery of the Hand, Sept 2007. Anneluuk Lindenhovius, MSc, David Ring, MD, Job Doornberg PhD, Chaitayna Mudgal, MD, Jesse Jupiter J. MD

Restoring Wrist Flexion/Extension Using Principles of Stress Relaxation/Static Progressive Stretch: Scientific Paper Presentation
Scientific Paper Presentation: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Meeting, February 2003; Peter M. Bonutti, MD, Effingham, IL; Michael Hotz, PT, Effingham, IL; Frank Lee, MD, Effingham, IL
SUMMARY

Evaluation of a 30-Minute Protocol to Restore Range of Motion Via Stress Relaxation and Static Progressive Stretch: Scientific Paper Presentation:
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Meeting, February 2003; Peter Bonutti, MD, Effingham, IL; Robert Donatelli, PhD, Atlanta, GA; and Michael W. Hotz, PT, Effingham, IL

Using Static Progressive Stretch and Stress Relaxation in the Treatment of Glenohumeral Joint Adhesive Capsulitis: Poster Presentation: Orthopaedic Research Society Meting, March 2000 – Podium Presentation
American Physical Therapy Association, Combined Sections Meeting, February 2001; Robert Donatelli, PhD, PT; Michael W. Hotz, PT; and Peter Bonutti, MD

The Use of Static Progressive Stretch on the Burn Joint Contracture: Podium Presentation
American Burn Association Meeting March 1999; Tracy Gamage, PT and Lisa Haynes, OTR, University Hospital, Colorado
SUMMARY

Joint Contracture Rehabilitation and Static Progressive Stretch: Scientific Exhibit
American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Meeting, March 1998; Peter Bonutti, MD; Mike Hotz, PT; Timothy Gray, MD; Matthew Cremens, BS; Chris Leo, BS; and Mollie Beyers, PT