The goal of range-of-motion therapy is to permanently stretch tissues
that have become stiff following injury, surgery, or long periods of
immobilization (such as wearing a cast or brace). To do this, specific
forces must be applied to the tissues, causing them to remodel and
stretch. Force can be applied in two ways:
Creep–Based Loading
Dynamic Splint Devices are spring-loaded
devices that apply a constant low-intensity force to the tissues in
a process called creep-based loading. The stiff tissues will gradually
stretch in response to the continuous spring-loaded force. This force
must be applied for a long period of time for permanent stretch to
occur. Dynamic splint therapy requires 8 to 12 hours daily wear time,
and the average patient will require 3 to 6 months use to regain full
or maximal joint motion. Dynamic splint devices are available through
several manufacturers and must be prescribed by your physician.
Stress-Relaxation Loading
Static Progressive Stretch (SPS) Devices are
manually adjustable and apply a static force to the tissues. The joint
is moved to an end range stretch position and is held there for a set
period of time. The tissues relax or stretch in response to this end
range stress. The device is then adjusted to a new position of stretch
and held there. This is repeated periodically throughout an SPS session,
and is called stress-relaxation loading. JAS devices provide SPS, and
require 30-minute sessions 3 times per day for permanent stretch to
occur. The average patient will require 2 to 3 months use to regain
full or maximal joint motion. JAS SPS devices must be prescribed by
your physician. Interestingly, stress relaxation loading is what therapists
use when they perform hands-on stretching techniques.
Studies show that stress-relaxation loading is far more effective than
creep-based loading in achieving permanent range-of-motion gains. It
also offers several important benefits to patients:
Pain-free stretch therapy, because patients have
total control in setting the device to their comfortable end range of
motion.
30-minute sessions, which don’t interfere
with daily activities and allow patients to return to daily activities
sooner.
Short wearing time requirements that eliminate
the risk of joint pain. Joint pain often results from the long wearing
times required with dynamic splints.